FXUS65 KBOU 271114 AFDBOU AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DENVER CO 410 AM MST WED DEC 27 2006 .SHORT TERM...NOT TOO MANY CHANGES ARE NECESSARY IN THE SHORT TERM GRIDS. HAVE DELAYED THE HIGHER POPS FOR THIS MORNING IN THE HIGH COUNTRY A BIT AND BUMPED A FEW TEMPERATURES UP TODAY BASED ON YESTERDAY/S READINGS. MOISTURE AND DYNAMICS SHOULD INCREASE TONIGHT SO HIGHER POPS IN THE GOING GRIDS FOR THE MOUNTAINS LOOK OK. TODAY AND TONIGHT SHOULD BE THE RELATIVE QUIET BEFORE THE STORM. .LONG TERM...AS THE NEXT SYSTEM MOVES CLOSER TO THE FORECAST AREA ...MY CONFIDENCE WITH THE VARIED AND CONFLICTING MODELS IS CONSIDERABLY LESS THAN THE PREVIOUS SHIFT. GRANTED...THE NAM HAS COME AROUND FAIRLY CLOSE TO THE GFS SOLUTION THROUGH 72 HOURS CONCERNING BOTH THE NORTH AND SOUTH CLOSED CENTERS ON THE 500 MB HEIGHT FIELDS. BY 84 HOURS THE TWO DIVERGE SUCH THAT THE PROBABILITY OF HEAVY SNOW COULD MERELY BE A DREAM. THEN THERE IS THE 27.00Z ECMWF WHICH IS RELATIVELY CLOSE TO THE GFS THROUGH 96 HOURS. THE OTHER MODELS...CANADIAN...NOGAPS...UKMET SHOW THE UPPER LOW IN VARIOUS LOCATIONS...SOME NOT CONDUCIVE TO PRODUCING A LARGE SNOWFALL HERE. I AM WONDERING ABOUT HOW FAR SOUTH THE CENTERS ARE CONCERNING IDEAL LOCATION FOR A LARGE AMOUNT OF SNOW FOR THE FORECAST AREA. ALSO WHAT AFFECT WILL THE NORTHERN CLOSED CENTER HAVE ON THE OVERALL SYNOPTIC SCALE ENERGY AND THE LARGE SCALE FLOW? WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THE CENTERS MERGE AND WHERE WILL THAT LOCATION BE? DOES IT EVEN REALLY EVEN LOOK LIKE THAT? THE QG VERTICAL VELOCITY FIELDS ON THE NAM AND GFS HAVE DECENT UPWARD MOTION FOR THE FORECAST AREA THURSDAY...GETTING STRONGER UPWARD BY THURSDAY NIGHT...DECREASING FRIDAY...BUT STILL UPWARD THROUGH MOST OF THE DAY OVER AT LEAST THE EASTERN HALF OF OUR AREA. IN FACT THE GFS KEEPS UPWARD MOTION OVER THE EASTERN PORTIONS OF THE FORECAST AREA FOR MUCH OF THE WEEKEND. BOTH MODELS BRING A SURGE OF UPSLOPE AND A COLDER AIRMASS INTO THE FORECAST AREA THURSDAY MORNING. CROSS SECTIONS OF MOISTURE AND QPF FIELDS OF THE NAM ARE WAY MORE FAVORABLE FOR HEAVY SNOW PRODUCTION COMPARED TO THE GFS...ESPECIALLY ON FRIDAY. BY FRIDAY NIGHT...THE GFS GETS BETTER...THE NAM DRIES OUT SOME. THIS ALL HAVING TO DO WITH THE LOCATION OF THE UPPER FEATURES. THERE IS ALSO THE TIMING ISSUE. WILL NEED TO BRING THE PRECIPITATION/POPS IN SLOWER ON THURSDAY WITH BOTH MODELS IN MIND. WILL NEED TO KEEP POPS GOING IN SOME AREAS WELL INTO THE WEEKEND WITH THE GFS. FOR TEMPERATURES...THURSDAY'S HIGHS ARE 5-8 C COLDER THAN WEDNESDAY'S. FRIDAY IS 4-6 C COLDER THAN THURSDAY. OF NOTE...THIS SYSTEM IS NOT SHAPING UP AS A "NO-BRAINER" STORM LIKE THE PREVIOUS ONE WAS...FORECAST-WISE. THE MODELS DID PRETTY WELL ON THAT ONE. TIME WILL TELL ON THIS NEW ONE. ONE THING IS THAT THE ANTI-CYCLONIC UPSLOPE IS MORE SIGNIFICANT WITH THIS STORM AND THE COLDER AIRMASS MOVING IN IS MORE SIGNIFICANT TOO. TRY AS I MIGHT TO WARN FOR THIS STORM ON THIS UPDATE...THERE ARE TO MANY ISSUES SO WILL CONTINUE THE WATCH FOR NOW. FOR THE LATER DAYS...SATURDAY AND SUNDAY...WILL LINGER CLOUDS ...SNOW...AND BLOWING SNOW OVER THE EASTERN PLAINS AT LEAST WITH THE GFS AND ECMWF IN MIND. WILL COOL SATURDAY AND SUNDAY OFF A BIT AS WELL. WILL LEAVE MONDAY AND TUESDAY AS IS. && .BOU WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...WINTER STORM WATCH THURSDAY AFTERNOON THROUGH FRIDAY FOR ZONES 33>36..38>51. && $$ ET/RJK FXUS65 KBOU 272130 AFDBOU AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DENVER CO 230 PM MST WED DEC 27 2006 .SHORT TERM...FOR TNGT...NOT MUCH TO CONTEND WITH INITIALLY. LOTS OF MID AND HIGH LEVEL MOISTURE STREAMING OVER COLORADO AHEAD OF THE APPROACHING STORM SYSTEM. SOUTHWESTERLY MID LEVEL WINDS WILL FAVOR ZONE 31 SO WL KEEP LIKELY POPS THERE...SCT ELSEWHERE IN THE MTNS. THE UPPER LOW IS OVER WRN NEVADA THIS AFTN AND IS PROGGED OVER EAST CENTRAL AZ BY 12Z THURSDAY. THIS IS SLOER THAN PRVS RUNS. THIS SLOER MOVEMENT WILL ALSO DELAY THE ONSET OF SNOW IN THE NORTHEAST PLAINS ON THURSDAY. THE ERLY MORNING RUNS WERE FAIRLY CONSISTENT IN MOVING THIS SYSTEM INTO NWRN NEW MX BY 00Z FRIDAY. BOTH THE WRF/GFS SHOW THE BEST QG OMEGA DVLPG OVER EASTERN COLORADO BY 00Z FRIDAY. MAIN CONCERN INITALLY WL BE FOR AREAS IN AND NEAR THE FOOTHILLS. BEST SNOWFALL IS NOT ANTICIPATED UNTIL AFTER 21Z THURSDAY AFTN...WITH THE WRF INDICATING UP TO 8 INCHES POSSIBLE. THE GFS ON THE OTHER HAND PARKS UP TO 8 INCHES OVER ERN ADAMS/ARAPAHOE COUNTIES BY 00Z FRIDAY. WL BANK MORE ON THE UPSLOPE FOR THURSDAY AND KEEP THE HEAVIEST SNOWFALL PARKED NEAR THE FOOTHILLS. WL LET THE SWING SHIFT GET ONE MORE LOOK AT THE STORM TRACK WITH THE 00Z MDL RUNS...BEFORE UPGRADING THE ONGOING HIGHLIGHTS. .LONG TERM...THU NGT-SAT...MDLS CONT TO BE FAIRLY CONSISTENT ON SYNOPTIC SCALE FEATURES IN MOVG CLOSED UPR LO FM NR 4 CORNERS ACRS SRN RCKYS ONTO SRN AND CNTRL GRT PLAINS...BUT THEN DIFFER SUM WITH THE NAM FRTHR N WITH THE UPR LO. REGARDLESS SYS WILL PROVIDE DEEP LYRD UPSLP FLO AGNST ERN SLP MTNS ON THU NGT AND FRI AND THEN BROAD BACKWASH PCPN OVR HI PLAINS ON FRI AND FRI NGT AND PSBLY THRU WKND. FOR THIS REASON WILL XTND THE WNTR STRM WATCH FOR ALL OF PLAINS ANOTHER 12 HRS THRU FRI NGT. MDLS SHW ABUNDANT SNWFL MST EVERY WHERE. NAM HAS THE MOST IN ERN FTHLLS AND GFS HAS THE MOST ON PLAINS. DUE TO THESE KIND OF DIFFERENCES WILL HOLD OFF ON ISSUANCE OF WNTR STRM WRNG UNTIL BEST AREAS FOR HVY SNW ARE BETTER DEFINED. STG DYNAMICS AND UPWRD Q-G OMEGA WITH SYS THRU PRD. FCST SNW AMTS FOR THU NGT INCLUDE 10-16 INCHES IN FTHLLS AND MTNS...5-10 INCHES OVR URBAN CORRIDOR AND 3-6 INCHES ACRS PLAINS. HEAVIEST SNW ON PLAINS WILL OCCUR ON FRI INTO FRI NGT. STG AND GSTY SFC WNDS WILL PRODUCE AREAS OF BLWG SNW ON PLAINS BUT WNDS THERE ARE NOT AS STG AS YESTERDAYS MDL RUNS. WRN SLP OF FRONT RANGE MTNS AND HI MTN VLYS WILL RECEIVE ONLY LGT SNW ACCUMS FM THIS STORM. TEMPS WILL BE QUITE COLD WITH CANADIAN AIR MASS MOVG OVR PLAINS AND H7 TEMPS DIPPING TO -14 DEG C ON SAT MRNG. WILL MAKE ONLY SML ADJSTMNTS TO MOS TEMP GDNC VALUES. IN EXTENDED PRD...SUN-WED...SUM LINGERING WRAP-ARND SNWFALL MAY OCCUR OVR NERN PLAINS ON SUN FM BROAD CIRC ARND CLOSED UPR LO OVR CNTRL GRT PLAINS. OTRW...AN UPR RDG WILL BUILD OVR WRN U.S. AND CNTRL RCKYS THRU WED. WITH SFC HI PRES ACRS AREA AND ABUNDANT SNW CVR TEMPS WILL BE SLO TO WRM BUT SHUD BE NR SEASONAL NORMS BY WED. && .BOU WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...WINTER STORM WATCH THU AFTN THRU FRIDAY AFTN FOR ZNS 33>36...THU AFTN THRU FRI NGT FOR ZNS 38>45... AND THU NGT THRU FRI NGT FOR ZNS 46>51. && $$ COOPER/GARD...WFO BOULDER FXUS65 KBOU 280432 AFDBOU AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DENVER CO 930 PM MST WED DEC 27 2006 .UPDATE...LATEST 00Z NAM-WRF AND GFS RUNS HAVE NOT CHANGED A WHOLE LOT THROUGH THURSDAY NIGHT...BUT FROM THERE ON SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES OCCUR WITH CONSISTENCY AND LOCATION OF UPPER LEVEL FEATURES. FOR NOW...THE BIGGEST CHANGE WAS TO GO WITH A WINTER STORM WARNING FOR THE FRONT RANGE MOUNTAINS AND I-25 CORRIDOR FOR THURSDAY AFTERNOON AND THURSDAY NIGHT. THIS IS WHEN HIGHEST CONFIDENCE OF HEAVY SNOW WITH DEEP AND MOIST UPSLOPE FLOW DEVELOPING AND STRONG Q-G VERTICAL MOTION IS OVERHEAD. AIRMASS IS ALSO MODESTLY UNSTABLE WITH LAPSE RATES AROUND 6 C/KM. HOWEVER...MOST OF THIS HEAVY SNOW SHOULD BE CONFINED TO AREAS IN/NEAR THE FOOTHILLS WITH DUE EASTERLY FLOW SO THE EASTERN PLAINS MAY NOT SEE TO MUCH FROM THIS FIRST SHOT. THEY MAY HAVE TO RELY ON THE 2ND BLAST OF THE STORM WHICH IS STILL SURROUNDED BY CONSIDERABLE UNCERTAINTY. THUS...THE WARNINGS WERE ONLY ISSUED FOR THE THURSDAY AFTERNOON AND THURSDAY NIGHT TIME FRAMES AND FOR THE FRONT RANGE. && .SHORT TERM...FOR TNGT...NOT MUCH TO CONTEND WITH INITIALLY. LOTS OF MID AND HIGH LEVEL MOISTURE STREAMING OVER COLORADO AHEAD OF THE APPROACHING STORM SYSTEM. SOUTHWESTERLY MID LEVEL WINDS WILL FAVOR ZONE 31 SO WL KEEP LIKELY POPS THERE...SCT ELSEWHERE IN THE MTNS. THE UPPER LOW IS OVER WRN NEVADA THIS AFTN AND IS PROGGED OVER EAST CENTRAL AZ BY 12Z THURSDAY. THIS IS SLOER THAN PRVS RUNS. THIS SLOER MOVEMENT WILL ALSO DELAY THE ONSET OF SNOW IN THE NORTHEAST PLAINS ON THURSDAY. THE ERLY MORNING RUNS WERE FAIRLY CONSISTENT IN MOVING THIS SYSTEM INTO NWRN NEW MX BY 00Z FRIDAY. BOTH THE WRF/GFS SHOW THE BEST QG OMEGA DVLPG OVER EASTERN COLORADO BY 00Z FRIDAY. MAIN CONCERN INITALLY WL BE FOR AREAS IN AND NEAR THE FOOTHILLS. BEST SNOWFALL IS NOT ANTICIPATED UNTIL AFTER 21Z THURSDAY AFTN...WITH THE WRF INDICATING UP TO 8 INCHES POSSIBLE. THE GFS ON THE OTHER HAND PARKS UP TO 8 INCHES OVER ERN ADAMS/ARAPAHOE COUNTIES BY 00Z FRIDAY. WL BANK MORE ON THE UPSLOPE FOR THURSDAY AND KEEP THE HEAVIEST SNOWFALL PARKED NEAR THE FOOTHILLS. WL LET THE SWING SHIFT GET ONE MORE LOOK AT THE STORM TRACK WITH THE 00Z MDL RUNS...BEFORE UPGRADING THE ONGOING HIGHLIGHTS. .LONG TERM...THU NGT-SAT...MDLS CONT TO BE FAIRLY CONSISTENT ON SYNOPTIC SCALE FEATURES IN MOVG CLOSED UPR LO FM NR 4 CORNERS ACRS SRN RCKYS ONTO SRN AND CNTRL GRT PLAINS...BUT THEN DIFFER SUM WITH THE NAM FRTHR N WITH THE UPR LO. REGARDLESS SYS WILL PROVIDE DEEP LYRD UPSLP FLO AGNST ERN SLP MTNS ON THU NGT AND FRI AND THEN BROAD BACKWASH PCPN OVR HI PLAINS ON FRI AND FRI NGT AND PSBLY THRU WKND. FOR THIS REASON WILL XTND THE WNTR STRM WATCH FOR ALL OF PLAINS ANOTHER 12 HRS THRU FRI NGT. MDLS SHW ABUNDANT SNWFL MST EVERY WHERE. NAM HAS THE MOST IN ERN FTHLLS AND GFS HAS THE MOST ON PLAINS. DUE TO THESE KIND OF DIFFERENCES WILL HOLD OFF ON ISSUANCE OF WNTR STRM WRNG UNTIL BEST AREAS FOR HVY SNW ARE BETTER DEFINED. STG DYNAMICS AND UPWRD Q-G OMEGA WITH SYS THRU PRD. FCST SNW AMTS FOR THU NGT INCLUDE 10-16 INCHES IN FTHLLS AND MTNS...5-10 INCHES OVR URBAN CORRIDOR AND 3-6 INCHES ACRS PLAINS. HEAVIEST SNW ON PLAINS WILL OCCUR ON FRI INTO FRI NGT. STG AND GSTY SFC WNDS WILL PRODUCE AREAS OF BLWG SNW ON PLAINS BUT WNDS THERE ARE NOT AS STG AS YESTERDAYS MDL RUNS. WRN SLP OF FRONT RANGE MTNS AND HI MTN VLYS WILL RECEIVE ONLY LGT SNW ACCUMS FM THIS STORM. TEMPS WILL BE QUITE COLD WITH CANADIAN AIR MASS MOVG OVR PLAINS AND H7 TEMPS DIPPING TO -14 DEG C ON SAT MRNG. WILL MAKE ONLY SML ADJSTMNTS TO MOS TEMP GDNC VALUES. IN EXTENDED PRD...SUN-WED...SUM LINGERING WRAP-ARND SNWFALL MAY OCCUR OVR NERN PLAINS ON SUN FM BROAD CIRC ARND CLOSED UPR LO OVR CNTRL GRT PLAINS. OTRW...AN UPR RDG WILL BUILD OVR WRN U.S. AND CNTRL RCKYS THRU WED. WITH SFC HI PRES ACRS AREA AND ABUNDANT SNW CVR TEMPS WILL BE SLO TO WRM BUT SHUD BE NR SEASONAL NORMS BY WED. && .BOU WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...WINTER STORM WATCH THU AFTN THRU FRIDAY AFTN FOR ZNS 33>36...THU AFTN THRU FRI NGT FOR ZNS 38>45... AND THU NGT THRU FRI NGT FOR ZNS 46>51. && $$ COOPER/GARD...WFO BOULDER FXUS65 KBOU 280436 AFDBOU AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION...CORRECTION NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DENVER CO 930 PM MST WED DEC 27 2006 CORRECTED FOR HIGHLIGHTS AT BOTTOM .UPDATE...LATEST 00Z NAM-WRF AND GFS RUNS HAVE NOT CHANGED A WHOLE LOT THROUGH THURSDAY NIGHT...BUT FROM THERE ON SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES OCCUR WITH CONSISTENCY AND LOCATION OF UPPER LEVEL FEATURES. FOR NOW...THE BIGGEST CHANGE WAS TO GO WITH A WINTER STORM WARNING FOR THE FRONT RANGE MOUNTAINS AND I-25 CORRIDOR FOR THURSDAY AFTERNOON AND THURSDAY NIGHT. THIS IS WHEN HIGHEST CONFIDENCE OF HEAVY SNOW WITH DEEP AND MOIST UPSLOPE FLOW DEVELOPING AND STRONG Q-G VERTICAL MOTION IS OVERHEAD. AIRMASS IS ALSO MODESTLY UNSTABLE WITH LAPSE RATES AROUND 6 C/KM. HOWEVER...MOST OF THIS HEAVY SNOW SHOULD BE CONFINED TO AREAS IN/NEAR THE FOOTHILLS WITH DUE EASTERLY FLOW SO THE EASTERN PLAINS MAY NOT SEE TO MUCH FROM THIS FIRST SHOT. THEY MAY HAVE TO RELY ON THE 2ND BLAST OF THE STORM WHICH IS STILL SURROUNDED BY CONSIDERABLE UNCERTAINTY. THUS...THE WARNINGS WERE ONLY ISSUED FOR THE THURSDAY AFTERNOON AND THURSDAY NIGHT TIME FRAMES AND FOR THE FRONT RANGE. && .SHORT TERM...FOR TNGT...NOT MUCH TO CONTEND WITH INITIALLY. LOTS OF MID AND HIGH LEVEL MOISTURE STREAMING OVER COLORADO AHEAD OF THE APPROACHING STORM SYSTEM. SOUTHWESTERLY MID LEVEL WINDS WILL FAVOR ZONE 31 SO WL KEEP LIKELY POPS THERE...SCT ELSEWHERE IN THE MTNS. THE UPPER LOW IS OVER WRN NEVADA THIS AFTN AND IS PROGGED OVER EAST CENTRAL AZ BY 12Z THURSDAY. THIS IS SLOER THAN PRVS RUNS. THIS SLOER MOVEMENT WILL ALSO DELAY THE ONSET OF SNOW IN THE NORTHEAST PLAINS ON THURSDAY. THE ERLY MORNING RUNS WERE FAIRLY CONSISTENT IN MOVING THIS SYSTEM INTO NWRN NEW MX BY 00Z FRIDAY. BOTH THE WRF/GFS SHOW THE BEST QG OMEGA DVLPG OVER EASTERN COLORADO BY 00Z FRIDAY. MAIN CONCERN INITALLY WL BE FOR AREAS IN AND NEAR THE FOOTHILLS. BEST SNOWFALL IS NOT ANTICIPATED UNTIL AFTER 21Z THURSDAY AFTN...WITH THE WRF INDICATING UP TO 8 INCHES POSSIBLE. THE GFS ON THE OTHER HAND PARKS UP TO 8 INCHES OVER ERN ADAMS/ARAPAHOE COUNTIES BY 00Z FRIDAY. WL BANK MORE ON THE UPSLOPE FOR THURSDAY AND KEEP THE HEAVIEST SNOWFALL PARKED NEAR THE FOOTHILLS. WL LET THE SWING SHIFT GET ONE MORE LOOK AT THE STORM TRACK WITH THE 00Z MDL RUNS...BEFORE UPGRADING THE ONGOING HIGHLIGHTS. .LONG TERM...THU NGT-SAT...MDLS CONT TO BE FAIRLY CONSISTENT ON SYNOPTIC SCALE FEATURES IN MOVG CLOSED UPR LO FM NR 4 CORNERS ACRS SRN RCKYS ONTO SRN AND CNTRL GRT PLAINS...BUT THEN DIFFER SUM WITH THE NAM FRTHR N WITH THE UPR LO. REGARDLESS SYS WILL PROVIDE DEEP LYRD UPSLP FLO AGNST ERN SLP MTNS ON THU NGT AND FRI AND THEN BROAD BACKWASH PCPN OVR HI PLAINS ON FRI AND FRI NGT AND PSBLY THRU WKND. FOR THIS REASON WILL XTND THE WNTR STRM WATCH FOR ALL OF PLAINS ANOTHER 12 HRS THRU FRI NGT. MDLS SHW ABUNDANT SNWFL MST EVERY WHERE. NAM HAS THE MOST IN ERN FTHLLS AND GFS HAS THE MOST ON PLAINS. DUE TO THESE KIND OF DIFFERENCES WILL HOLD OFF ON ISSUANCE OF WNTR STRM WRNG UNTIL BEST AREAS FOR HVY SNW ARE BETTER DEFINED. STG DYNAMICS AND UPWRD Q-G OMEGA WITH SYS THRU PRD. FCST SNW AMTS FOR THU NGT INCLUDE 10-16 INCHES IN FTHLLS AND MTNS...5-10 INCHES OVR URBAN CORRIDOR AND 3-6 INCHES ACRS PLAINS. HEAVIEST SNW ON PLAINS WILL OCCUR ON FRI INTO FRI NGT. STG AND GSTY SFC WNDS WILL PRODUCE AREAS OF BLWG SNW ON PLAINS BUT WNDS THERE ARE NOT AS STG AS YESTERDAYS MDL RUNS. WRN SLP OF FRONT RANGE MTNS AND HI MTN VLYS WILL RECEIVE ONLY LGT SNW ACCUMS FM THIS STORM. TEMPS WILL BE QUITE COLD WITH CANADIAN AIR MASS MOVG OVR PLAINS AND H7 TEMPS DIPPING TO -14 DEG C ON SAT MRNG. WILL MAKE ONLY SML ADJSTMNTS TO MOS TEMP GDNC VALUES. IN EXTENDED PRD...SUN-WED...SUM LINGERING WRAP-ARND SNWFALL MAY OCCUR OVR NERN PLAINS ON SUN FM BROAD CIRC ARND CLOSED UPR LO OVR CNTRL GRT PLAINS. OTRW...AN UPR RDG WILL BUILD OVR WRN U.S. AND CNTRL RCKYS THRU WED. WITH SFC HI PRES ACRS AREA AND ABUNDANT SNW CVR TEMPS WILL BE SLO TO WRM BUT SHUD BE NR SEASONAL NORMS BY WED. && .BOU WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...WINTER STORM WARNING THURSDAY AFTERNOON AND THURSDAY NIGHT FOR THE FRONT RANGE MOUNTAINS... FOOTHILLS...AND I-25 CORRIDOR...ZONES 33>36..38>41. SNOW ADVISORY SOUTH PARK THURSDAY AFTERNOON AND THURSDAY NIGHT... ZONE 37. WINTER STORM WATCH THURSDAY NIGHT THRU FRIDAY NIGHT FOR THE EASTERN PLAINS...ZONES 42>51. && $$ BARJENBRUCH/COOPER/GARD...WFO BOULDER